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ICE2HS01G high performance resonant mode controller never stop thinking. power management & supply datasheet, version 2.0, 11 may 2010
edition 11 may 2010 published by infineon technologies ag 81726 munich, germany ? 2010 infineon technologies ag all rights reserved. legal disclaimer the information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. with respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, infineon technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. inform ation for further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest infineon technologies office ( www.infi neon.com ). warnings due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. for information on the types in question, please contact the nearest infineon technologies office. infineon technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of infineon technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. if they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. for questions on technology, delivery and prices please contact the infineon technologies offices in germany or the infineon technologies companies and representat ives worldwide: see our webpage at http:// www.infineon.com coolmos?, coolset? are trademarks of infineon technologies ag. ICE2HS01G revision history: 11 may 2010 previous version: 1.0 page subjects (major chan ges since last revision)
type package ICE2HS01G pg-dso-20 version 2.0 3 11 may 2010 ICE2HS01G product highlights ? 30khz~1mhz switching frequency range ? high efficiency over wide load range ? innovative drive method fo r synchronous rectification ? high accuracy frequency setting ? high accuracy setting and adjustable dead time ? over load/open loop protection with adjustable blanking time and restart time ? mains undervoltage protection with hysteresis ? external latch-off and over temperature protections ICE2HS01G pg-dso-20-45 high performance resonant mode controller for half-bridge llc resonant converter features ? resonant mode controller for half-bridge llc resonan t converter with synchronous rectification drives ? 20-pin dso package ? 30khz to 1mhz switching frequency ? adjustable minimum switching frequency with high accuracy ? 50% duty cycle for both primary and secondary gate drives ? adjustable dead time with high accuracy ? driving signal for synchronous rectification which support full operation of half-bridge llc resonant converter ? internal and external disable function for synchronous rectification ? mains input under votlage protection with adjustable hysteresis ? three levels of overcurrent protection for enhanced dynamic performance ? open-loop/over load protection with adjustable blanking time and restart time ? adjustable over-temperature protection with latch-off ? external latch-off enable pin applications ? pc power supplies ? server power supplies ? telecom power supplies ? flat panel tv and flat panel display power supplies ? ac-dc adapter
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G version 2.0 4 11 may 2010 typical application circuit the ICE2HS01G is a high performance re sonant mode controller de signed specially for high e fficiency half-bridge llc converter with synchrnous rectif ication at the secondary side. with its new dr iving techqiues, the s ynchronous rectification can be realized for half-bridge llc c onverter operated with seconda ry switching current in both ccm and dcm conditions. no special synchronous rectificat ion controller ic is needed at the seondary side .for best performance, it is suggested to use half-bridge driver ic in the primary side with ICE2HS01G. the typical application circuit of ICE2HS01G is shown in figure 1. figure 1 typical application circuit
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G table of contents page version 2.0 5 11 may 2010 1 pin configuration and functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1 pin configuration with pg-dso-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2 pin functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 representative block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.1 ic power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2 oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.3 dead time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.4 softstart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.5 current sense and over-current pr otection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.6 light load operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.7 synchronous rectification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.7.1 srd and cl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.7.2 turn-on delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.7.3 turn-off delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.7.4 sr protections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.7.5 sr softstart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.8 mains input voltage sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.9 over load protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.10 ena pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.1 absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4.2 operating range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.3 characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 4.3.1 supply section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.3.2 oscillator section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.3.3 input voltage sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.3.4 current sense and current level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.3.5 soft start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.3.6 light load operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.3.7 reference voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.3.8 over load/open loop protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.3.9 enable function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.3.10 synchronous rectification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4.3.11 primary gate drive (hg, lg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.3.12 secondary gate drive (shg, slg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5 outline dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
version 2.0 6 11 may 2010 high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G pin configuration and functionality 1 pin configuration and functionality 1.1 pin configuration with pg-dso-20 figure 2 pin configuration with pg-dso-20 table 1 pin names 1.2 pin functionality timer (over-load blanking time and auto-restart timer) timer pin is used to set the blanking time and restart time for over load protection. the rc parallel circuit, c tl and r tl , is connected to this pin. the blanking time is determined by charging time of c tl through ic internal current source, and the restart time is determined by the discharging time of c tl through r tl . this allows the system to face a sudden power surge for a short period of time with out triggering the over load protection. in addition, the average power delivered is not influenced by any vcc dip which can not reset internal reference voltage. ena (enable) internally, this pin has a pull-up current source of 100 a. by connecting a resistor outside from this pin to ground, certain voltage level is set up on this pin. if the voltage level on this pin is pulled down below certain level, ic is latched. if the external resistor has a negative temperat ure coefficient, this pin can be used to implement over- pin symbol function pin symbol function 1 timer over-load blanking time and autorestart time 11 vins input bus voltage sense 2 ena enable 12 cs current sense 3 ss softstart 13 cl currsnt sense output level 4 load load detection 14 srd sychronous rectification on dura- tion and disable function 5 freq frequency of operation 15 gnd ic ground 6 delay advance delay time setting 16 slg gate logic for secondary low side switch 7 td primary dead time setting 17 shg gate logic for secondary high side switch 8 vmc voltage level for entering and leaving missing cycle mode 18 lg gate logic for primary low side switch 9 vref reference voltage output 19 hg gate logic for primary highside switch 10 vres resonant voltage setting 20 vcc ic power supply
version 2.0 7 11 may 2010 high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G pin configuration and functionality temperature protection. in addition, the burst mode c an be enabled/disabled by connnecting different capacitance to this pin. ic will do the set up function the first time vcc rise from a voltage lower than internal reference. ss (soft start) ss pin connects an external capacitor c ss to gnd and a resistor r ocp to freq pin. an internal switch will first fully discharge c ss before soft start or autorestart, which guarantee high operating frequency for soft start or restart. r ocp determines the max operating frequency. during softstart, a internally current source is used to charge up the softstart capacitor. this current is big at first, it will be reduced once the ss voltage increases to some level and it will be further reduced if ss voltage incr eases to a higher level. in such a way, the smooth rising of output voltage can be achieved. also, the soft st art during time is mainly determined by the c ss . in case of over current condition, ss pin will be discharged through 2 internal resistors toward zero votlage. as a result, the operating frequeny will be increased and the highest frequency in this case is determined by the equivalent resistance of r fmin and r ocp in parallal. load (load condition detection) a voltage divider, consist of r ft1 and r ft2 , is connected to the collector of optocoupler, and this divided voltage is delivered to load pin. if load pin voltage is lower t han a certain threshold, 0.1v, ic will stop switch. only if the voltage level is higher than 0.15v, ic will resume swith again. a second function of this pin is to detect the over-load or open-loop faults. once the voltage on this pin is higher than 1.8v, ic will start internal and external time r to determine whether entering the protection mode. the third function on this pin is to disable sr during li ght load mode. when the voltage on load pin is too low, ic will stop the sr gate drives. freq (operating frequency) this pin provides a precise 2v reference and a resistor r fmin connected from this pin to gnd, which defines a current that is used to determin the minimum operating fr equency. in order to regulate the converter output voltage by changing the operating frequency, the phototransisto r of an optocoupler is connected to this pin through resistor r reg . delay (advance delay time setting) for sr purpose, the delay time between primary side switch?s gate off signal and secondary side sr switch?s gate off signal can be adjusted by a resistor r delay connected to delay pin. td (primary dead time setting) in order to provide the design flexbility, the dead time between two primary switches can be adjusted by external resistor r td1 connected from vref pin to td pin. the td pin voltage is regulated at 2v. the current flow into this pin determines the dead time, which ranges from 100ns to 1000ns. vmc (voltage levels for entering and leaving missing cycle mdoe) the voltages on this pin is used to setting the levels, on cl pin, which ic enters missing cycle operation mode or leaves missing cycle mode. internally, a current source from internal power supply to this pin is provided which will generate the hysteresis voltage between entering and leaving missing cycle voltages. vref (reference voltage ouput) this pin is the output of refernce voltage, which is tigh t regulated at 5v. this reference voltage supplies the bias current for dead time setting, and also setting of resonant voltage, missing cylce voltages. vres (resonant voltage setting) the voltage on this pin is used for determination the opera tion mode of the half-bridge llc resonant converter, ccm or dcm. there is no turn-on delay between seconda ry and primary gate signals if the converter is in dcm mode. if the converter is in ccm mode, ic will add the turn-on delay when the vres voltage is lower than vins pin voltage. vins (mains input voltage sense)
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G pin configuration and functionality version 2.0 8 11 may 2010 the mains input voltage is fed to this pin via a resistive vo ltage divider. if the voltage on vins pin is higher than the threshold v inson , ic will start to operate with softstart when vcc increases beyond turn on threshold. during operation, if the voltage on this pin falls below the threshold v inson , ic will stop switching until the voltage on this pin increases again. cs (current sense) the current sense signal is fed to this pin. inside the ic, three comparators are provided for 3 level ocp function. if the voltage on cs pin is higher than the first threshold, ic will increase the switching frequency to limit the maximum output power of the converter. if the voltage on this pin exceeds the second threshold, ic will further increase the switching frequency to a higher value with higher frequency rising slope. if the voltage on this pin exceeds the third threshold, ic will be latched off immediately. a second function of cs pin is to sense the output power le vel. if cs voltage is lower than some preset value on vmc pin, ic will enter the missing cycle mode to improv e the converter efficiency. protection function is also integrated on this pin for synchor onous rectification. ic will stop the sr gate drives if the cs votlage is too high or it drops too fast. cl (current sense average level) a resistor r cl is connected between cl pin and srd pin. this resistor determines how much the synchrnous rectifcation on duration is changed according to load condi tion. internally, cl pin voltage is proportional to the cs pin voltage. a clamp circuit set the maximum voltage of 1. 95v on cl pin. a capacitor is recommended to be put between this pin and ground. this can filter out the high ripple component on cs voltage and therefore decrease the variation of sr dirves? on time versus output load. srd (sr disable input) this pin is used to disable sr function, by pulling down sr pin to zero, in case of so ftstart, hold up time, ocp or any other conditions specified by custom ers. a limited current source is built internally which generates a constant 2v voltage on sr pin. the current, depending on the external resistors r srd , and also r cl and v cl if connected, is used to charge the internal capacitor. therefore, t he on time of secondary gate drives can be set by choosing different r srd during design or different r cl which sets the dependence of the current on the current sense voltage. gnd (ground) ic common ground. slg (low side sr gate drive) this pin delivers gate drive signal for low side synchornous rectification switch. shg (high side sr gate drive) this pin delivers gate drive signal for high side synchronous rectification switch. lg (low side gate drive) this pin delivers gate drive signal for primary low side switch. hg (high-side gate drive) this pin delivers gate drive signal for primary high side switch. vcc (ic power supply) supply voltage of the ic.
version 2.0 9 11 may 2010 high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G representative block diagram 2 representative block diagram figure 3 representative block diagram
version 2.0 10 11 may 2010 high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G functional description 3 functional description 1) the controller ICE2HS01G, a 20-pin ic, is designed for pulse-frequency- modulated resonant conver ters, especially half- bridge llc resonant converter. it operates with 50% duty cylce for two primary gate drives and 180 o out of phase. the regulation of output voltage is achieved through adjustment of the switching fre quency. to ensure the zero-voltage-switching and safe operation in half-bri dge topologies, the dead time between primary hi gh side switch and low side switch is set independently to the switching freque ncy and also with high accuracy. in half-bridge llc resonant converetr, as there is only one voltage control loop, cu rrent information in the llc converter is used for proetctions. the current loop is designed to be much more faster compared to voltage loop and therefore providing a reliable protection for the converter. as synchronous rectification (sr) is a ne cessary measure to achieve high efficienc y, ICE2HS01G features two driving signal for secondary sr switches. in order to ensure sr safe and proper operation, both the dela y time between pr imary side switch and secondary sr switch and the duration of secondary sr switches can be programmed with external resistors. ICE2HS01G also offers multiple protections which ease the design of a reliable a nd high efficiency hal f-bridge llc resonant converter. 3.1 ic power supply the controller ICE2HS01G is targetting at applications wi th auxiliary power supply. in most cases, a front-end pfc pre-regulator with a pfc controller is used in the same system. the controller ICE2HS01G starts to operate when the supply voltage v vcc reaches the on-threshold, v vccon of 12v. the minimum operating voltage after turn-on, v vccoff , is at 11v. the maximum supply voltage v vccmax is 18v. 3.2 oscillator the pulse-frequency-modulation is built with current contro lled oscillators. the period of charging capacitor c osc determines the on time of primary swit ches. the period for charging capacitor c td determines the dead time between two primary swithes. the simplified oscill ator circuit is shown in figure 4. the typical switching waveforms of c osc and c td are shown in figure 5. figure 4 simplified os cillator circuit 1) all values which are used in the functional description are typical values. for calculating the worst cases the min/max values, which can be found in section 4 electrical characteristics, have to be considered.
version 2.0 11 11 may 2010 high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G functional description assume the current flows output from freq pin and td pin are i freq and i td , respectively, the switching frequency during normal operation can be obtained according to equation [1]. [1] according to the typical applic ation circuit shown in figure 1, the minimum ope rating frequency of the converter can be set by choosing r fmin . assume the dead time is 300ns, the minim um switching frequency is 50khz when the r fmin is 30k ? . the minimum operating frequency versus various r fmin is shown in figure 6. figure 5 oscillat or waveforms figure 6 minimum switchi ng frequency versus r fmin with t d =300ns as shown in figure 1, the regulation of output voltage is achieved by contro lling the current flowing into collector of the opto-coupler. the maximum current flowing through th e capacitor is achieved when the collector is pulled to ground. the equivalent resistanc e at freq pin, the resistor r reg , together with r fmin , determines the maximum f s 0.5 v oscf c f ? k f i ? freq ------------------------- - v osct c td ? k td i ? td ----------------------------- - + -------------------------------------------------------------- - = 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 rfm in(k ? ) fmin(khz) rfreq(k ? )f(khz) 6.2 215 9.1 153 13 111 15 97 18 82 22 67 24 62 27 55 30 50 33 46 36 42 39 39 43 35 47 33 51 30
version 2.0 12 11 may 2010 high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G functional description switching frequency during load and line regulation. the ac tual switching frequency of the converter can also be checked from figure 6 by using the equivalent resistance at freq pin. 3.3 dead time as shown in figure 4, the dead time can be adjusted by changing the current flowing into td pin. there is a 5v reference voltage provided on vref pin. by connecting a resistor r td from vref pin to td pin, the current can be set. the dead time is longer if the resistance is larger and vice versa. a typical value of 300ns dead time can be achieved by setting r td =180k ?. the relationship between r td and dead time is shown in figure 7. furthermore, a minimum dead time limitation, 135ns, is built inside the ic for protection. figure 7 dead time versus r td 3.4 softstart soft start is implemented by sweeping the operating frequen cy from an initial high value until the control loop takes over. this initial switching frequency should be high enough so that the resonant current at first pulse can be limited within the desired value. the internal block diagram for softstart funciton block is shown in figure 8. initially, capacitor c ocp is fully discharged by ic internal switch, so that r ocp is effectively in parallel to r fmin and the resulting parallel resistance determines the initial frequency. during start up, c ss is continuously charged until its voltage reac hes the internal 2v reference voltage, and accordingly the current through r ocp drops to zero. before this time, the llc output voltage will have rise up to a level close to the regulated value and the feedback loop takes over, so that it will be the current through phototransistor to determine the operating frequency. to ensure a smooth rise of output voltage during start up, different internal current will be used to charge up the softstart capacitor c ss . at the moment softstart block is enabled, all three current sources i ss1 through i ss3 will turned on. therefore, the charge current at this moment will be the sum of these three current plus the current flows from freq pin, through r ocp , to c ss . when the voltage v css is higher than v ss1 (1.5v), current source i ssa (150 a) is turned off. when c ss is charged to higher than v ss2 (1.8v), the second current source i ssb (50 a) is 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 rtd(k ? ) td(ns) r td (k ? )td(ns) 100 180 150 255 180 300 220 360 270 435 300 480 330 525 360 570 390 615
version 2.0 13 11 may 2010 high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G functional description turned off. the last threshold v ss3 is 1.9v and the third current source i ssc (50 a) is turned off after v css is higher than v ss3 . figure 8 soft start block in some case the frequency set by r ocp is not high enough for softstart, additional series resistor and capactior can be connected to freq pin for further increment the soft start frequency. during soft start, the overload protection is disabled after v ss is higher than v ss3 for 10 ms, softstart block will enable overload protection function and ic will monitor the voltage on load pin to detect any open-loop/over-load conditions. however, the ic will enable the overload prot ection after 40ms of softstart if ss pin voltage never goes higher than v ss3 . 3.5 current sense and ove r-current protection current sense in llc half bridge converters is mainly for protection. the circuit is shown in figure 9. the controller ICE2HS01G incooperates three-level over current protection. in case of over-load condition, the lower level ocp will be triggerred, the switching frequency will be increased according to the duration and power of the over load. the higher level ocp (1.6v) is used to protect the converter if transformer is saturated. the ic will be latched after a 220ns blanking time. if the sensed v cs is higher than 0.8v, ss pin capacitor will be discharged by an internal discharge resistor r dischg1 . this will result in higher switching frequency and less delivered power to secondary side. if sensed v cs is higher than 0.9v (the 2nd level), another discharge resistor r dischg2 is also used to discharge the capacitor c ss .the c ss will be discharged faster which means the swit ching frequency increases faster. this is to limit the fastly increasing resonant cu rrent. this is useful if the system enc ounter some steep load change at the output side during dynamics. both discharge resistors are turned off if t he current sense voltage falls belower than 0.75v. figure 9 current sense and over -current protection block
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G functional description version 2.0 14 11 may 2010 3.6 light load operation the switching frequency of a half-bridge llc resonant converter can be very high at no load or light load operations. high switching frequency results in higher s witching loss and magnetized core loss. in most cases, reduction of the switching frequency will result in ef ficiency increase, which highly depends on the balance between switching losses and conduction losses in the converter. ICE2HS01G offers various options of light load operation to meet the different requirements in applications. these including missing cycle mode in light load and burst mode in no load. in addition, both modes can be enabled/ disabled with parameter selctions. for detailed operation of light load, the block diagram is shown in figure 10. figure 10 light load control module if the current sense voltage is lower than the preset refe rence level on vmc pin for 20ms, ic enters into a missing cylce (mc) mode, where every two out of five switches are removed to reduce the average switching frequency. vref pin is the output of internal re ference voltage, which is an accurate 5v voltage source, with up to 2 ma. a typical output gate drive waveforms in mc mode is shown in figure 11. figure 11 ICE2HS01G gate outpus during missing cycle the entering and leaving missing cycle level can be adjus ted through connecting different resistors to v mc pin. the actual values can be calculated from equations [2] and [3]. the current source i mc is 50 ? built inside with high accuracy. for example, with r mc1 =33k ? and r mc2 =1.3k ? , the current sense voltage for entering and leaving missing cylce mode can be calculated to be 0.19v and 0.252v. [2] [3] v lmc v ref r mc2 r mc1 r mc2 + ----------------------------- ? = v emc v ref r mc2 r mc1 r mc2 + ----------------------------- i mc r mc1 r ? mc2 r mc1 r mc2 + ----------------------------- ? + ? =
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G functional description version 2.0 15 11 may 2010 the missing cycle mode can be disabled by pulling down vmc pin to ground. in this case, even very low voltage on cs pin will let the ic works in normal mode. it is reco mmended to use a 10k resistor for pulling down purpose. the burst mode (bm) operation in ICE2HS01G is implemented with load pin voltage. if the voltage on load pin is lower than 0.1v, all the gate drives will be pulled low after the ne xt high side switch cycle is fi nished. if the load pin voltage increases higher than 0.15v, ic will resume switch. every time ic re sumes switch from burst mo de, the first pulse will be high gate with re duced duty cycle. in certain conditions, burst mode opeation is not wanted and can be disabled. the method will be described in section 3.10. 3.7 synchronous rectification synchronous rectification (sr) in a half-b ridge llc resonant converter is the key to achieve very high efficiency, and this is the major benefits from the patent pending method integrat ed in ICE2HS01G. the control of synchronous rectification in ICE2HS01G have four main parts: on ti me control, turn-on delay, turn-off delay and protections, with the block diagram shown in figure 12. figure 12 synchronous rectific ation control block diagram 3.7.1 sr on time control the oscillator of sr control, with divi de-by-two function, determines the on time of both sr gates. it uses regulated current to charge the capacitor, while the current is proportional to current flowing out of srd pin and the capacitor is fixed inside the ic. the srd pin is regulated to 2v. on time of sr gate s can then be programmed by regul ating the equivalent resistance connected to srd pin. in typical conditions, a 5 s sr on time is set when th e equivalent resi stance from srd pin to ground is 62k ? . the typical relation between srd resistance and the corresponding sr on ti me can be found in figure 13. the internal circuit of srd pin is designed with certain lim it of maximum current flowing out. the minimum resistor, or equivalent resistance to srd pin, can not be less than 15k ? . a simple constant on time control does not provide the best performance of llc hb converter. in fact, the actual resonant period of secondary current reduces when the output load decreases or input voltage increases. the primary winding current can reflects this change. certain current sense circuit can be used to get such information and input to ICE2HS01G on cs pin. in ICE2HS01G, a function called current level (cl) pin is implemented. during heavy lo ad and low input voltage, the cl pin voltage is clamped at same volta ge of srd pin. therefore, the sr on time in such conditions is determined by r srd only. in case of light load, with low cs voltage, the cl pin voltage is reduced and therefore the actual sr on time is reduced
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G functional description version 2.0 16 11 may 2010 as well. the resistor r cl can be adjusted to find the suitable reducing speed of sr on time. th e relationship between cs voltage and cl voltage is shwon in figure 14. figure 13 sr on time versus srd resistance figure 14 relationship between v cs and v cl 3.7.2 turn-on delay when the input voltage is too high, the llc converter secondary switches are wo rking in ccm conditi on. certain recovery time of the mosfet body diode is requi red depending on the turn-off current. fo r better performance, the other mosfet should be turned on after the recovery phase. the turn-on dela y function is built in ICE2HS01G for such purpose. when the vins pin voltage is higher than vres pin, the sr mosfet s are turned on 250ns after the corresponding primary mosfets are turned on. 3.7.3 turn-off delay the sr on time control determines the conduction time for secondary switches and the duration is actually link to resonant parameters and output load. however, the sr on time can not be longer than the primary gate signals, which otherwise will cause damage to the system. therefore, sr gate will be turned off by two conditi ons: the primary gate signal or the sr on time oscillator, the one comes first will determine the actual sr duation. however, the delay from ic gate signal to secondary sr switches can be longer than those delay to primary sr swithes. the function turn-off delay is used to adjust this difference. instead of using the prima ry gate signal (phg/plg) to turn off sr gate, a signal with certain advance time to primary gate signal is used to ge nerate sr gate off signal. and this certain advanc e time is adjustable th rough delay pin resistor. 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 rs r d ( k ? ) ton(s)
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G functional description version 2.0 17 11 may 2010 ic delay pin is regulated at a constant voltage, the current, depending on external resi stor only, is used to calculate this tu rn- off delay. the turn-off delay is 330ns when r delay is 51k ? . in addition, the relationship of turn-off delay time and delay resistance is shown in figure 15. figure 15 relationship be tween rdelay and tdelay 3.7.4 sr protections as the sr control in ICE2HS01G is reali zed with indirect method, there are some cases that the sr can not work properly. in this cases, the sr gate drive will be disabled. once the condition is over, ic will restart the sr with srsoftstart. during softstart, the sr is disabled. when the softstart pin voltage is higher than 1.9v for 20ms, sr will be enabled with srsoftstart. when load pin voltage is lower than 0.2v, ic will disabl e the sr immediately. if load pi n voltage is higher than 0.7v, ic will resume sr with srsoftstart. during over-current protection phase, if the so ftstart pin voltage is lower than 1.8v, sr will be disabled. the sr will resume with softstart 10ms af ter ss pin voltage is higher than 1.9v again. in over-current protection, if the cs pin vo ltage is higher than 0.9v, sr is disabled. sr will be en abled with srsoftstart afte r cs pin voltage is lower than 0.6v. all the above four conditions are built inside the ic. if ic detects such a conditi on, ic will disable sr and pull down the voltage on srd pin to zero. when the cs voltage suddenly drops from 0.55v to below 0.30v with in 1ms, the sr gate is turned off for 1ms, after 1ms, sr operation is enabled again with srsoftstart. an addition option is also provided. if so me fault conditions are not reflected on the four conditions mentioned above but can be detected outside with other measures , the sr can also be disabled and enab led with softstart from outside. this is implemented on srd pin as well. the inte rnal srd reference voltage has limited current source capability. if a transistor q srd is connected as shown in typical applic ation circuit, the voltage on srd pin can be pulled to zero if this transistor is turned on, which will stop the sr. if the srd voltage is releas ed and increases above 1.75v, sr is enabled with softstart. 3.7.5 sr softstart the sr operaton is enabled after the out put voltage has been built up. however, as the sr mosfet drain-source voltage drop is much lower than the forward voltage drop of the body di odes or the schottky diodes, the output power of the converter will increase a lot if the sr mosfets are started with full duty. in ICE2HS01G, sr operation wi ll start with small duty. the sr mosfet will start with its own soft start, the duty cycle for first pulse is around one-tenth of its normal duty, which will be kept same for 16 consective switching cycles. then, the duty is increased gradua lly step by step to the full duty. total 7 steps are built for the softstart and each step includes 16 swit ching cycles. therefore, afte r 128 switching cycles, the sr dut y will reach its normal value. 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 rdelay(k ? ) tdelay(s)
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G functional description version 2.0 18 11 may 2010 3.8 mains input voltage sense the operation range of mains input voltage needs to be specified for llc resonant converter. in addition, the input voltage information is used to determines whether the sr turned on delay is added or not. the typica l circuit of mains input voltage sense and process is shown figure 16. figure 16 mains input voltage sense with the current source i hys connected between vins and ground, an adju stable hysteresis between the on and off input voltage can be created as [4] the mains input voltage is divided by r ins1 and r ins2 . a current source i hys is connected from vins pin to ground in the ic. if the on and off threshold for mains voltage is v mainon and v mainoff , the resistors can be decided as [5] [6] the blanking time for leaving brown-out is around 450 s and for entering brown-out is around 47 s. for example, if r ins1 =6.2m ? and r ins2 =27k ?, the turn-on bus voltage is 350v and the turn-off bus voltage is 288v. 3.9 over load protection in the typical application circuit, a voltage divider with r ft1 and r ft2 , is connected to the collector of optocoupler, and this divided voltage is delivered to load pin. this is used to determine the feedback voltage threshold for over load protection. during operation, if v load > 1.8v, and this condition last longer than an adjustable blanking time of t olp , the ic will immediately stop delivering all the driving signals, and only after an adjustable restart time t restart , ic will restart with soft start. th is allows the system to fa ce a sudden power surge for a short period of time without triggering the protection. the timer pin is used to set the blanking time t olp and restart time t restart for over load protection. the rc parallel circuit, c t and r t , is connected to this pin. when the voltage on load pin is higher than v load , an internal current source of i bl starts charging the external capacitor c t . this current source turns off only when the capacitor voltage, v tl reaches v tlh or when v load decreases below 1.8v. once v tl exceeds 4.0v, the overload/openloop protection is triggered by turning off the gate signal. from this time, c t slowly discharges through the external resistance r t . when v t drops below 0.5v, the ic restarts its operation with soft-start. the charging time and the v hys r insh i hys ? = r insh v mainon v mainoff ? i hys ------------------------------------------ - = r insl r insh v inson v mainoff v inson ? ------------------------------------------ - ? =
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G functional description version 2.0 19 11 may 2010 discharging time of the capacitor c t determine respectively the open load/over loop protection blanking time t olp and the restart time t restart of the ic. the circuit about how this prot ection works is shown in following figure 17. figure 17 over-load protection scheme the olp blanking time can be calculated as [7] the restart time can be calculated as [8] 3.10 ena pin in addition, this ic provides an external enab le/disable function. internal current source, i ena , is used to built up the voltage on ena pin. during operation, if the voltage on this pin is reduced below 1.0v, ic w ill stop switch. recy cling the ic vcc supply can reset this protection. this pin ca n used for external latch enable function. it can also be used for over-temperatur e protection with latch off protection. the block diagram of ena function is shown in figure 18. figure 18 latch-off enable function bl ock diagram and burst mode selection in addition to the latch-off enable function, this pin is al so built for the selection of burst mode enable or not during softstart. if the burst mode is enabl ed, the gate drives will be disabled if load pin voltage falls below some threshold. however, if burst mode is not selected, the gate drives wi ll not be stopped by load pin voltage. the selection block works only after the first time ic vcc increases above uvlo. after cvcc is higher than turn on threshod, a current source i sele , in addition to the i ena , is turned on to charge the capacitor c ena . after 26 s, ic will compare the voltage on ena pin and 1.0v, if voltage on ena pin is higher than 1.0v, the burst mode function will be disabled. as the voltage on ena pin depends on r ena and c ena , by selection of different capacitance can select whether this ic works with burst mode. after the selection is done, the current source i sele is turned off. an blanking time of 320 s is given before ic starts to sense the ena pin voltage latch off enable purpose. this blanking time is used to let the ena pin votlage be stablized to avoid mistriggering of latch-off enable function. t olp 20ms r t c t 1 v th r t i bl ? ------------------ ? ?? ?? ln ?? ? = t restart r t c t v tl v th --------- - ?? ?? ln ?? ? =
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G electrical characteristics version 2.0 20 11 may 2010 4 electrical characteristics note: all voltages are measured with respect to ground (p in 13). the voltage levels are valid if other ratings are not violated. 4.1 absolute maximum ratings note: absolute maximum ratings are defined as ratings, which when being exceeded may lead to destruction of the integrated circuit. for the same reason make sure, that any capacitor that will be connected to pin 16 (vcc) is discharged before assembling the application circuit. parameter symbol limit values unit remarks min. max. vcc supply voltage v vcc -0.3 18 v v hg voltage v hg -0.3 18 v v lg voltage v lg -0.3 18 v v shg voltage v shg -0.3 18 v v slg voltage v slg -0.3 18 v timer voltage v timer -0.3 v dd +0.3 v ena voltage v ena -0.3 v dd +0.3 v ss voltage v ss -0.3 v dd +0.3 v load voltage v load -0.3 v dd +0.3 v freq voltage v freq -0.3 v dd +0.3 v freq current i freq 0 3.5 ma td voltage v td -0.3 v dd +0.3 v td current i td -200 0 a delay voltage v delay -0.3 v dd +0.3 v delay current i delay -200 0 a vref voltage v vr -0.3 v dd +0.3 v vref current i vr 03ma vmc voltage v mc -0.3 v dd +0.3 v vres voltage v mc -0.3 v dd +0.3 v vins voltage v vins -0.3 v dd +0.3 v cs voltage v cs -0.3 v dd +0.3 v cl voltage v cl -0.3 v dd +0.3 v cl current i cl -10 2 ma srd voltage v srd -0.3 v dd +0.3 v srd current i srd 0 2.5 ma junction temperature t j -40 125 c storage temperature t s -55 150 c
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G electrical characteristics version 2.0 21 11 may 2010 4.2 operating range note: within the operating range the ic operates as described in the functional description. thermal resistance junction-ambient for pg-dso-8 r thja (dso) - 75 k/w pg-dso-20 esd capability v esd - 2 kv human body model 1) 1) according to eia/jesd22-a114-b (disch arging a 100pf capacitor through a 1.5k ? series resistor) parameter symbol limit values unit remarks min. max. vcc supply voltage v vcc v vccoff 18 v junction temperature t jcon -25 125 c
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G electrical characteristics version 2.0 22 11 may 2010 4.3 characteristics 4.3.1 supply section note: the electrical characteristics involve the spread of values guaranteed within the specified supply voltage and junction temperature range t j from ? 25 o c to 125 o c. typical values represent the median values, which are related to 25c. if not other wise stated, a supply voltage of v cc = 15 v is assumed. parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. start up current i vccstart 930 av vccon -0.1v supply current in operation with inactive gate i vccop 8 ma no switching; supply current in normal operation with active gate i vccactive 7.5 ma freq=97khz r freq =15k ? r td =180k ? v vcc =15v v cs >v mc vcc turn-on threshold v vccon 11.3 12 12.7 v vcc hysteresis v vcchys 0.6 1 1.3 v vcc turn-off threshold v vccoff -v vccon - v vcchys -v trimmed reference voltage v dd 4.90 5.0 5.10 v guaranteed by design
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G electrical characteristics version 2.0 23 11 may 2010 4.3.2 oscillator section 4.3.3 input voltage sense parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. minimum switching frequency f min 48.25 50 51.75 khz r fmin =30k ? ; r td =180k ? ; v ss =2v maximum switching frequency f max 205 215 225 khz r fmin_eq =6.2k ? ; r td =180k ? ; v ss =2v recommend maximum switching frequency f max_abs 1000 khz r fmin_eq =1.1k ? ; r td =62k ? ; v ss =2v reference voltage on freq v freq 2 v reference voltage on td v td 2 v dead time t d 260 300 330 ns r td =180k ? minimum dead time t d_min 115 ns r td =62k ? dead time 1 t d_max1 870 ns r td =560k ? dead time 2 t d_max2 1.5 sr td =1200k ? oscillation duty cycle d 48 50 52 % based on calculation first pulse half duty d fisrt 25 % first pulse on high side gate at softstart or leaving burst mode or at miss cycle mode parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. input voltage on threshold v vinson 1.2 1.25 1.3 v bias current on vins pin i hys 81012 a blankint time fo r leaving mains undervoltage protection t vins_out 450 s blanking time for entering mains under voltage protection t vins_in 47 s offset for comparator between vins pin and vres pin -18 0 18 mv
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G electrical characteristics version 2.0 24 11 may 2010 4.3.4 current sense an d current level 4.3.5 soft start 4.3.6 light load operation parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. overcurrent protection 1st v csl 0.82 v hysteresis voltage for overcurrent protection low 45 mv overcurrent protection 2nd v csm 0.925 v overcurrent protection 3rd v csh 1.63 v blanking time for ocp latch t ocp_l 340 ns cl pin clamped voltage v cl_c 1.89 1.95 2.01 v v cs =0.6v ratio between cl pin and cs pin voltage r cl_cs 4.8 v cs =0.35v cl pin maximum source current, output rising i outcsl 1.1 ma v cl =0v, v cs 0v -> 0.6v step change cl pin maximum sink current, output falling i i ncsl 6 ma v cl =1.8v, v cs 0.6v -> 0v step change parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. softstart current 1 i ss1 260 av ss =1v softstart current 2 i ss2 105 av ss =1.6v softstart current 3 i ss2 52.5 av ss =1.9v voltage threshold 1 v ss1 1.515 v voltage threshold 2 v ss2 1.815 v voltage threshold 3 v ss3 1.91 v maximum softstart time t ss_max 32 40 48 ms normal softstart time t ss_nom 81012 ms after v ss is higher than 1.9v discharge resistance 1 r ss_dchga 180 ? discharge resistance 2 r ss_dchgb 100 ? parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. comparator offset for vmc pin -25 0 25 mv internal current for hysteresis i mc 40 50 60 a entering missing cycle mode blanking time t bl_em 20 ms test after v cs high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G electrical characteristics version 2.0 25 11 may 2010 4.3.7 reference voltage 4.3.8 over load/open loop protection 4.3.9 enable function entering burst mode threshold v eb 0.07 0.12 0.17 v hysteresis for entering/leaving burst mode v b_hys 50 mv parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. reference voltage of vref pin v ref 5v current capability of v ref pin i ref_max 2 ma guaranteed by design feedback voltage for open loop/ over load protection v load 1.73 1.795 1.86 v v load voltage follows the v freq voltage fixed over-load blanking time t olp 20 ms threshold for adjustable over load blanking time v th 4.015 v threshold for adjustable restart time v tl 0.525 v current for adjustable over load blanking teim i bl 16 20 24 a current on ena pin in normal operation i ena 94 100 106 a - current on ena pin for burst mode selection i sele 80 100 120 a charing time for burst mode selection t sele1 19 26 33 s threshold for latch-off enable v ena 0.95 1.0 1.05 v delay for latch-off enable t dena 5 s guaranteed by design
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G electrical characteristics version 2.0 26 11 may 2010 4.3.10 synchronous rectification parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. reference voltage on srd v srd 2 v sr on time setting t srd 4.875 5 5.125 sr srd =62k ?, with typical gate load of 300pf rising edge delay between primary and secondary drive t d_on 225 250 275 ns v vins >v res reference voltage on delay pin v delay 1.785 v minimum falling edge delay between primary and secondary drive t d_off 270 330 390 ns r delay =51k ?, r freqeq =15k ? srd voltage to stop sr externally v srd_dis 1.7 1.75 1.8 v sr disable blanking time t srd_dis 775 ns srd voltage when sr is disabled internally v srd_stop 0.2 v load voltage to stop sr v load_srd 0.18 0.22 0.26 v load voltage to restart sr v load_srr 0.67 0.715 0.76 v cs voltage to stop sr v cs_srd 0.875 0.925 0.975 vv cs_srd and v cs_srr follows each other blanking time of cs pin 0.9v comparator 220 ns cs voltage to restart sr v cs_srr 0.575 0.625 0.675 v cs_srd and v cs_srr follows each other cs voltage to start dynamic load detector v cs_dd1 0.55 v cs voltage to set dynamic load protection v cs_dd2 0.3 v ss voltage to stop sr v ss_srd 1.765 1.815 1.865 v hysteresis on ss voltage to restart sr v ss_sr_hys 0.06 0.1 0.14 v blanking time for restart sr if v ss >1.9v 81012 ms sr softstart steps 8 sr softstart first time on time 1.2 1.49 1.8 sr srd =62k ? difference between cl clamped voltage and srd pin reference voltage v srd -v cl_c 04590 mv v cs =0.6v
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G electrical characteristics version 2.0 27 11 may 2010 4.3.11 primary gate drive (hg, lg) 4.3.12 secondary gate drive (shg, slg) parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. output voltage at logic low v gatelow -1.5 vv vcc =5v i out = 5ma output voltage at logic high v gatehigh 10.5 vi out = -5ma 9.8 vv vcc =v vccoff +0.2v c l =0.3nf rise time t rise -25- ns c l = 0.3nf fall time t fall -25- ns c l = 0.3nf parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. typ. max. output voltage at logic low v gatelow -1.5 vv vcc =5v i out = 5ma output voltage at logic high v gatehigh 10.5 vi out = -5ma 9.8 vv vcc =v vccoff +0.2v c l =0.3nf rise time t rise -25- ns c l = 0.3nf fall time t fall -25- ns c l = 0.3nf
high performance resonant mode controller ICE2HS01G outline dimension version 2.0 28 11 may 2010 5 outline dimension figure 19 pg-dso-20 *dimensions in mm pg-dso-20 ( plastic dual small outline)
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